A Guide to the Country’s Incredible Wildlife

Animals of Costa Rica Infographic — Animals of Costa Rica | Wildlife Nomads

Costa Rica is a biodiversity hotspot in the world, home to nearly 5% of the world’s animals or over 500,000 species despite covering less than 0.03% of the planet's surface. This small yet ecologically rich nation owes its diversity to its varied ecosystems, ranging from lush rainforests and cloud forests to wetlands, mangroves, and coral reefs. Among its unique flora and fauna, Costa Rica boasts around 900 endemic plant species and countless unique animals found nowhere else on Earth. Protected by an extensive network of national parks and reserves, this natural haven continues to inspire conservation efforts worldwide, making it a dream destination for wildlife lovers. Here you will also find a Guide to the best places to see Wildlife in Costa Rica. Let’s dive into the extraordinary animals that call this Central American gem home.

A Diversity of Birds

Macaws: Scarlet, Great Green, and More

Macaws, especially the Scarlet (Ara macao) and Great Green (Ara ambiguus), are iconic in Costa Rica. These brightly colored parrots are often seen in pairs, their loud calls echoing through the rainforest. Scarlet macaws frequent areas like Carara National Park, while Great Green macaws thrive in the northern lowlands near Sarapiquí. Their striking colors and social behavior make them a favorite among birdwatchers and photographers.

Red macaw flying — Scarlet Macaw | Getty Images

The Beautiful Quetzal

The Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno), a symbol of beauty and freedom, can be spotted in the highland cloud forests of Monteverde and San Gerardo de Dota. Known for its iridescent green feathers and long tail, this bird is revered in Costa Rican culture.

A flying Quetzal in a jungle — Resplendent Quetzal | Photo: Ondrej Prosicky, Getty Images

Toucans

Toucans, such as the Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) and Chestnut-mandibled toucan (Ramphastos swainsonii), add a splash of color to the rainforest canopy. Their oversized, vibrant beaks are not just eye-catching but also help them reach fruit on distant branches.

Hummingbirds

In Costa Rica you will find over 50 species of hummingbirds, including the Violet-crowned woodnymph and Green hermit. These tiny birds, and two that are endemic: the coppery-headed emerald (Microchera cupreiceps) and the mangrove hummingbird (Amazilia boucardi). Often seen flitting among tropical flowers, play a crucial role as pollinators in the ecosystem.

A couple of hummingbird flying and eating from a pink flower — Hummingbirds | Photo: James Wainscoat

Rainforest Reptiles and Amphibians

Red-Eyed Tree Frog

With its vibrant green body, red eyes, and orange feet, the Red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas) is an emblem of Costa Rican wildlife. Found in lowland rainforests, these nocturnal amphibians are best spotted at night.

Poison Dart Frogs

Costa Rica is home to several poison dart frog species, such as the Strawberry poison dart frog (Oophaga pumilio). Despite their small size, their bright colors warn predators of their potent toxicity.

Crocodiles and Caimans

The American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) thrives in brackish waters like those in the Tarcoles River, where boat tours offer close encounters. Smaller spectacled caimans (Caiman crocodilus) can be found in quieter freshwater habitats.

A drone photo of a crocodile — Crocodiles & Caimans | Photo: Josh Withers

Green Iguana

Often seen basking in the sun, the Green iguana (Iguana iguana) is one of Costa Rica’s most recognizable reptiles. These herbivores play an essential role in seed dispersal within their habitats.

Mammals of Costa Rica

Monkeys: Howler, Spider, Capuchin, and Squirrel

Costa Rica’s forests resonate with the guttural calls of Howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), especially at dawn. Spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) are agile climbers, while White-faced capuchins (Cebus imitator) are known for their intelligence. Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedii), the smallest of the group, can be spotted on the Osa Peninsula.

Squirrel Monkey in the jungle — Squirrel Monkey | Photo: Alain Bonnardeaux

Sloths

Both the two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni) and three-toed sloth (Bradypus variegatus) can be found lazing in trees throughout Costa Rica. These slow-moving mammals are surprisingly adept swimmers and a delight to observe.

Anteaters

The Northern tamandua (Tamandua mexicana) and Giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) feed primarily on ants and termites. Their specialized tongues and claws make them fascinating creatures to spot in the wild.

An anteater crossing a dirt road — Anteater | Photo : Nareeta Martin

Tapirs

The Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii), Costa Rica’s largest land mammal, roams the dense rainforests of Corcovado National Park. With its prehensile snout, it plays a vital role in seed dispersal.

Felines: Jaguar, Ocelot, and More

The jaguar (Panthera onca), a symbol of strength and mystery, prowls the protected areas of Corcovado. Smaller felines like the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and margay (Leopardus wiedii) are equally elusive, making night tours your best bet for sightings.

An Ocelot coming out from the bush — Ocelot | Getty Images

Bats

Costa Rica’s 113 bat species account for nearly half of the country’s mammal diversity. From insect-eating bats to nectar-feeding ones like the long-tongued bat, they are vital to the ecosystem as pollinators and pest controllers.

A flying bat in a cave — Bat | Photo: Michel Viard, Getty Images

Marine Life and Coastal Wildlife

Sea Turtles

Costa Rica’s beaches host nesting grounds for sea turtles, including Leatherback, Green, and Olive Ridley turtles. Tortuguero National Park and Ostional Wildlife Refuge are prime spots to witness nesting or hatchlings making their way to the ocean.

A marine turtle swimming on the surface of the ocean — Sea Turtle | Photo: Jaclyn Babbage

Why Costa Rica is a Biodiversity Powerhouse

Costa Rica’s unique geography, straddling two continents, has created an extraordinary mix of ecosystems. Its protected areas, including over 25% of its landmass as national parks and reserves, are a testament to the country’s commitment to conservation.

Best Times and Tips for Wildlife Spotting

Here you will find the best places to see Wildlife in Costa Rica
Best Time to Visit: The dry season (December to April) offers easier trails and abundant wildlife, while the wet season (May to November) brings lush greenery and active amphibians.
Tips:
- Hire a local guide to maximize your chances of spotting elusive species.
- Early mornings and late afternoons are the best times for animal activity.
- Bring binoculars and a telephoto lens for better views and photos.

A Wildlife Enthusiast’s Dream

Costa Rica’s wildlife is as diverse as its landscapes. Exploring the animals of Costa Rica is not just about observing, it’s about connecting with the natural world and understanding the importance of conservation. Whether you’re trekking through the rainforests or relaxing on a beach, the animals of Costa Rica are sure to leave you inspired.

Animals of Costa Rica